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《联邦职业教育法》

2015-4-11

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Vocational Training Act
(Berufsbildungsgesetz, BBiG)
of 23 March 2005
(Federal Law Gazette [BGBl.], Part I, p. 931)
– non-official publication –
Table of Contents1
Part 1
General Provisions
Section 1 Vocational Training Terms and Objectives
Section 2 Learning Locations of Vocational
Training
Section 3 Scope
Part 2
Vocational Training
Chapter 1
Initial Training
Division 1
Organization of Initial Training;
Recognition of Training Occupations
Section 4 Recognition of Training Occupations
Section 5 Initial Training Regulations
Section 6 Testing of New Training Occupations, New Forms of Initial Training
and New Types of Examinations
Section 7 Crediting of Previous Vocational
Education and Training towards the
Period of Initial Training
Section 8 Reduction and Extension of the Period of Initial Training
Section 9 Power to Make Training Arrangements
Division 2
Initial Training Relationship
Subdivision 1
Establishment of the
Initial Training Relationship
Section 10 Contract
Section 11 Contract Document
Section 12 Invalid Agreements
Subdivision 2
Obligations of Trainees
Section 13 Conduct During Initial Training
Subdivision 3
Obligations of Training Employers
Section 14 Initial Training
Section 15 Time Off
Section 16 Certificate
1
 The Act entered into force on 1 April 2005.
Section 17
Section 18
Section 19
Section 20
Section 21
Section 22
Section 23
Section 24
Section 25
Section 26
Subdivision 4
Allowance
Entitlement to an Allowance
Assessment of the Allowance and
Date of Payment
Continued Payment of the Allowance
Subdivision 5
Beginning and End of the
Initial Training Relationship
Probationary Period
End
Termination
Compensation for Damages in the
Event of Premature Termination
Subdivision 6
Miscellaneous Provisions
Subsequent Employment
Mandatory Applicability
Other Contractual Relationships
Division 3
Suitability of Training Premises
Section 27
Section 28
and Training Staff
Suitability of Training Premises
Suitability of Training Employers and
Instructors
Section 29 Personal Qualifications
Section 30
Section 31
Section 32
Section 33
Technical Qualifications
Application to Europe
Supervision of Suitability
Prohibition of the Engagement of
Trainees and the Provision of Initial
Training
Division 4
Register of Initial Training Relationships
Section 34
Section 35
Section 36
Institution, Maintenance
Entry, Amendment, Deletion
Application
Division 5
Examinations
Section 37 Final Examination
Section 38
Section 39
Object of the Examination
Boards of Examiners
Section 40
Section 41
Section 42
Membership, Appointment
Chair, Quorum, Voting
Decisions, Assessment of the Final
Examination
Section 43 Admission to the Final Examination 
Vocational Training Act (Berufsbildungsgesetz) of 23 March 2005 (Fed. Law Gazette [BGBl.], Part I p. 931) 3
Section 44 Admission to Final Examinations
Taken in Two Parts Administered at
Different Times
Section 45 Admission in Special Cases
Section 46 Decision on Admission
Section 47 Examination Rules
Section 48 Interim Examinations
Section 49 Additional Qualifications
Section 50 Equivalence of Examination Certificates
Division 6
Representation of Interests
Section 51 Representation of Interests
Section 52 Authorization to Issue Ordinances
Chapter 2
Further Training
Section 53 Further Training Regulations
Section 54 Regulation of Further Training Examinations by the Competent Bodies
Section 55 Consideration of Previous Qualifications Acquired Abroad
Section 56 Further Training Examinations
Section 57 Equivalence of Examination Certificates
Chapter 3
Retraining
Section 58 Retraining Regulations
Section 59 Regulation of Retraining Examinations by the Competent Bodies
Section 60 Retraining for a Recognized Training
Occupation
Section 61 Consideration of Previous Qualifications Acquired Abroad
Section 62 Retraining Measures; Retraining
Examinations
Section 63 Equivalence of Examination Certificates
Chapter 4
Vocational Training for
Special Groups of Persons
Division 1
Vocational Training of Disabled Persons
Section 64 Initial Training
Section 65 Initial Training in Recognized Training Occupations
Section 66 Initial Training Arrangements of the
Competent Bodies
Section 67 Further Training, Retraining
Division 2
Vocational Training Preparation
Section 68 Target Group and Standards
Section 69 Qualification Modules, Certificate
Section 70 Supervision, Advice
Part 3
Organization of Vocational Training
Chapter 1
Competent Bodies; Competent Authorities
Division 1
Designation of the Competent Body
Section 71 Competent Bodies
Section 72 Designation by Ordinance
Section 73 Competent Bodies in the Public
Service
Section 74 Extended Competence
Section 75 Competent Bodies for the Purview of
the Churches and Other Religious
Communities Established under Public Law
Division 2
Supervision of Vocational Training
Section 76 Supervision, Advice
Division 3
Vocational Training Committees
of the Competent Body
Section 77 Establishment
Section 78 Quorum, Voting
Section 79 Tasks
Section 80 Rules of Procedure
Division 4
Competent Authorities
Section 81 Competent Authorities
Chapter 2
Land Committees for Vocational Training
Section 82 Establishment, Rules of Procedure,
Voting
Section 83 Tasks
Part 4
Vocational Training Research,
Planning and Statistics
Section 84 Objectives of Vocational Training
Research
Section 85 Objectives of Vocational Training
Planning
Section 86 Report on Vocational Education and
Training
Section 87 Purpose and Compilation of Vocational Training Statistics
Section 88 Surveys
Part 5
Federal Institute for
Vocational Education and Training
Section 89 Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training
Section 90 Tasks
Section 91 Organs
Section 92 Board
Section 93 President
Section 94 Research Council
Section 95 Disabled Persons Committee
Section 96 Funding of the Federal Institute for
Vocational Education and Training
Section 97 Budget
Section 98 Statutes
Section 99 Staff 
Vocational Training Act (Berufsbildungsgesetz) of 23 March 2005 (Fed. Law Gazette [BGBl.], Part I p. 931) 4
Section 100 Supervision of the Federal Institute
for Vocational Education and Training
Section 101 Duty of Disclosure
Part 6
Provisions Governing Fines
Section 102 Provisions Governing Fines
Part 7
Transitional and Concluding Provisions
Section 103 Equivalence of Final Examination
Certificates as a Consequence of
German Unification
Section 104 Continuation in Force of Existing
Regulations
Section 105 Transfer of Competences
–––––––––––––
Part 1
General Provisions
Section 1
Vocational Training Terms and Objectives
(1) For the purposes of this Act, the term “vocational training” shall mean vocational training
preparation, initial training, further training and
retraining.
(2) Vocational training preparation shall serve to
impart basic skills required for the acquisition of
vocational competence and thus facilitate placement in initial training in a recognized training occupation.
(3) Initial training shall, through a systematic training programme, impart the vocational skills, knowledge and qualifications (vocational competence)
necessary to engage in a form of skilled occupational activity in a changing working world. Initial
training shall also enable trainees to acquire the
necessary occupational experience.
(4) Further training shall enable individuals to maintain and upgrade or broaden their vocational competence and advance their careers.
(5) Retraining shall qualify individuals for another
form of occupational activity.
Section 2
Learning Locations of Vocational Training
(1) Vocational training shall be provided
1. in companies engaged in economic activity,
in comparable institutions not engaged in
economic activity, especially those of the
public service, in establishments of members of the independent professions, and in
households (in-company training);
2. in vocational schools (school-based vocational training); and
3. in other vocational training facilities outside
the system of school-based and in-company
training (non-company training).
(2) The learning locations specified in subsection
(1) shall collaborate in the provision of vocational
training (cooperation among learning locations).
(3) Parts of initial training may be completed
abroad if this serves the purpose of training.
The total duration of such training abroad shall not
exceed one fourth of the duration of training specified in the initial training regulations.
Section 3
Scope
(1) This Act shall apply to vocational training insofar as such training is not provided in vocational
schools covered by the education acts of the
Länder.
(2) This Act shall not apply to
1. vocational training provided in study courses
imparting specific vocational qualifications
or in comparable study courses at higher
education institutions on the basis of the
Framework Act for Higher Education
[Hochschulrahmengesetz] and the higher
education acts of the Länder;
2. vocational training provided under an employment relationship governed by public
law;
3. vocational training provided on merchant
vessels flying the flag of the Federal Republic of Germany pursuant to the Law of the
Flag Act [Flaggenrechtsgesetz], insofar as
such vessels are not engaged in small-scale
deep-sea fishing or in coastal fishing.
(3) Vocational training in occupations governed by
the Crafts and Trade Code [Handwerksordnung]
shall not be subject to sections 4 to 9, sections 27
to 49, sections 53 to 70, sections 76 to 80 and
section 102 of this Act; in these respects the Crafts
and Trade Code shall apply.
Part 2
Vocational Training
Chapter 1
Initial Training
Division 1
Organization of Initial Training;
Recognition of Training Occupations
Section 4
Recognition of Training Occupations
(1) As a basis for an orderly and uniform system of
initial training, the Federal Ministry of Economics 
Vocational Training Act (Berufsbildungsgesetz) of 23 March 2005 (Fed. Law Gazette [BGBl.], Part I p. 931) 5
and Labour or such other ministry as may be competent, acting in agreement with the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, may by ordinance
which shall not require the consent of the Bundesrat officially recognize training occupations and
issue initial training regulations for such occupations pursuant to section 5.
(2) Initial training in a recognized training occupation may only be provided on the basis of the initial
training regulations.
(3) Young people under the age of 18 may not
receive initial training in occupations other than
recognized training occupations unless such initial
training prepares them for advanced qualification
pathways.
(4) If the initial training regulations for a training
occupation are rescinded, existing initial training
relationships shall continue to be governed by the
provisions hitherto in force.
(5) The competent ministry shall inform the Länder
of reorganization plans at an early stage and shall
involve them in the consultation process.
Section 5
Initial Training Regulations
(1) The initial training regulations shall specify
1. the designation of the training occupation to
be recognized;
2. the duration of initial training, which shall not
be more than three or fewer than two years;
3. the vocational skills, knowledge and qualifications to at least be imparted in the course
of initial training (training occupation profile);
4. an outline of the syllabus and timetable to
be followed when imparting the vocational
skills, knowledge and qualifications (overall
training plan);
5. the examination requirements.
(2) The initial training regulations may provide that
1. initial training take place in progressive
stages according to specific syllabuses and
timetables; provision shall be made at the
end of each stage for a certificate of competence qualifying trainees to both engage in a
form of skilled occupational activity pursuant
to section 1 subsection (3) and continue initial training in successive stages (training by
stages);
2. the final examination be taken in two parts
administered at different times;
3. notwithstanding section 4 subsection (4), initial training may, if the parties to the contract
so agree, be continued in this training occupation pursuant to the new provisions,
whereby credit shall be given for the period
of training already undergone pursuant to
the rescinded provisions;
4. initial training in another relevant occupation
may be credited towards initial training in
the occupation governed by the initial training regulations, taking into account the vocational skills, knowledge and qualifications
acquired in the course of such previous
training;
5. over and above the training occupation profile described in subsection (1), number 3,
additional vocational skills, knowledge and
qualifications may be imparted to supplement or broaden vocational competence;
6. parts of initial training be provided in suitable facilities outside the training premises if
and to the extent necessary for the purposes of training (intercompany training);
7. trainees keep a written record of their initial
training.
When framing initial training regulations, attention
shall always be given to whether arrangements
pursuant to numbers 1, 2 and 4 are sensible and
feasible.
Section 6
Testing of New Training Occupations,
New Forms of Initial Training and
New Types of Examinations
For the purpose of developing and testing new
training occupations, new forms of initial training
and new types of examinations, the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour or such other ministry
as may be competent, acting in agreement with the
Federal Ministry of Education and Research and
after consulting the Board of the Federal Institute
for Vocational Education and Training, may by
ordinance which shall not require the consent of
the Bundesrat permit exceptions to section 4 subsections (2) and (3) as well as sections 5, 37 and
48 which may also be limited to a specific type and
number of training premises.
Section 7
Crediting of Previous Vocational Education and
Training towards the Period of Initial Training
(1) The Land governments may, after consulting
the Land vocational training committee, by ordinance stipulate that attendance of a vocational
school training course or initial training in some
other facility be credited either wholly or in part
towards the period of initial training. The authorization may in turn be transferred by ordinance to
supreme Land authorities. The ordinance may
provide that such crediting shall require a joint
application by trainees and training employers.
(2) Crediting pursuant to subsection (1) shall require a joint application by trainees and training
employers. The application shall be submitted to
the competent body. It may be limited to parts of
the maximum creditable period.
2
2 Subsection (2) shall enter into force on 1 August
2009. At the same time, subsection (1), third sentence, shall cease to be in force. 
Vocational Training Act (Berufsbildungsgesetz) of 23 March 2005 (Fed. Law Gazette [BGBl.], Part I p. 931) 6
Section 8
Reduction and Extension of the
Period of Initial Training
(1) Upon a joint application by trainees and training
employers, the competent body shall reduce the
period of initial training if it is likely that the purpose
of training will be achieved in the shorter period. In
the event of legitimate interest, the application may
also seek a reduction of the daily or weekly hours
of training (part-time initial training).
(2) In exceptional cases the competent body may,
on application by trainees, extend their period of
initial training if such extension is necessary to
enable them to achieve the purpose of their training. Training employers shall be consulted before a
decision is taken pursuant to the first sentence.
(3) The Board of the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training may issue guidelines
for the decision on reduction or extension of the
period of initial training.
Section 9
Power to Make Training Arrangements
In the absence of other provisions, the competent
body shall arrange for the provision of initial training within the framework of this Act.
Division 2
Initial Training Relationship
Subdivision 1
Establishment of the
Initial Training Relationship
Section 10
Contract
(1) Persons engaging other persons for the purpose of the latter’s initial training (training employers) shall conclude an initial training contract with
the trainees.
(2) The legal provisions and principles governing
contracts of employment shall apply to initial training contracts, insofar as this is not incompatible
with the nature and purpose of the contract and the
provisions of this Act.
(3) If statutory representatives conclude an initial
training contract with their own child, they shall not
be subject to the prohibition set out in section 181
of the Civil Code [Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch].
(4) No irregularity as regards the right to engage
trainees or provide training shall affect the validity
of an initial training contract.
(5) Several natural persons or legal entities may
cooperate within the framework of a collaborative
training venture to discharge the contractual obligations of training employers as long as responsibility
for the individual stages of initial training and for the
period of initial training as a whole is ensured (collaborative training).
Section 11
Contract Document
(1) After the conclusion of an initial training contract, training employers shall without delay, and in
any event before the commencement of initial training, set down the essential stipulations of the contract pursuant to the second sentence in writing;
the electronic form shall be excluded. The contract
document shall at least specify
1. the nature, syllabus, timetable and purpose
of the initial training, and in particular the
form of occupational activity for which initial
training is to be provided;
2. the commencement and the duration of initial training,
3. any initial training measures taking place
outside the training premises;
4. the length of the normal daily hours of initial
training;
5. the length of the probationary period;
6. the payment of an allowance and the rate to
be applied;
7. the amount of holiday leave;
8. the conditions under which the initial training
contract may be terminated;
9. a general reference to collective agreements, plant agreements or service agreements applicable to the initial training relationship.
(2) The document shall be signed by the training
employers, the trainees and the trainees’ statutory
representatives.
(3) Training employers shall provide the trainees
and their statutory representatives with a copy of
the signed document without delay.
(4) Subsections (1) to (3) shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to amendments to the initial training contract.
Section 12
Invalid Agreements
(1) Any agreement restricting trainees in the pursuit
of their occupational activity after the end of the
initial training relationship shall be null and void.
The foregoing shall not apply if trainees commit
themselves during the last six months of the initial
training relationship to entering into an employment
relationship with their training employers after the
end of the initial training relationship.
(2) Any agreement providing for
1. an obligation of trainees to pay compensa
Vocational Training Act (Berufsbildungsgesetz) of 23 March 2005 (Fed. Law Gazette [BGBl.], Part I p. 931) 7
tion for their initial training;
2. contractual penalties;
3. the exclusion or limitation of claims to compensation for damages;
4. determination of the rate of compensation
for damages as a lump sum
shall be null and void.
Subdivision 2
Obligations of Trainees
Section 13
Conduct During Initial Training
Trainees shall make every effort to acquire the
vocational competence necessary for them to
achieve the purpose of their initial training. They
shall in particular be obligated to
1. carefully perform the tasks entrusted to
them as part of their initial training;
2. take part in initial training measures for
which they have been granted time off under section 15;
3. follow the instructions given to them within
the framework of their initial training by training employers, instructors or any other persons entitled to give them such instructions;
4. have regard for the rules of behaviour to be
observed on the training premises,
5. use tools, machinery and other equipment
with due care;
6. not reveal any business or trade secrets.
Subdivision 3
Obligations of Training Employers
Section 14
Initial Training
(1) Training employers shall
1. ensure that the vocational competence necessary for trainees to achieve the purpose
of their initial training is imparted to them
and provide such initial training systematically in accordance with a syllabus and a
timetable and in a form appropriate to the
aim in view so that the purpose of the training can be achieved within the specified period;
2. provide the initial training themselves or expressly entrust such training to an instructor;
3. furnish to trainees free of charge the materials, in particular tools and supplies, necessary for their initial training and the passing
of their interim and final examinations, even
if such examinations take place after the
end of the initial training relationship;
4. urge trainees to attend part-time vocational
school and to keep their written initial training records up to date, insofar as such records are required as part of their initial
training, and inspect such records;
5. ensure that trainees are encouraged to develop their personality and that they are protected from physical or moral danger.
(2) Trainees shall only be entrusted with tasks that
serve the purpose of their initial training and are
commensurate with their physical abilities.
Section 15
Time Off
Training employers shall grant trainees the necessary time off to attend part-time vocational school
and take examinations. The foregoing shall also
apply to their participation in initial training measures taking place outside the training premises.
Section 16
Certificate
(1) At the end of the initial training relationship,
training employers shall provide trainees with a
written certificate. The electronic form shall be
excluded. If training employers have not provided
the initial training themselves, the certificate shall
be signed by the instructor as well.
(2) The certificate must contain particulars of the
nature, duration and purpose of the initial training
as well as the vocational skills, knowledge and
qualifications acquired by the trainees. If trainees
so request, it shall also include particulars of their
conduct and performance.
Subdivision 4
Allowance
Section 17
Entitlement to an Allowance
(1) Training employers shall pay trainees an appropriate allowance. It shall be so assessed in
accordance with the trainees’ age that it increases
at least once a year as the initial training progresses.
(2) Account may be taken of benefits in kind at the
rate fixed for the value of such benefits under section 17 subsection (1), first sentence, number 4, of
Book Four of the Social Code [Sozialgesetzbuch],
but not beyond 75 percent of the gross rate of the
allowance.
(3) Employment beyond the agreed normal daily
hours of initial training shall be remunerated separately or compensated by corresponding time off. 
Vocational Training Act (Berufsbildungsgesetz) of 23 March 2005 (Fed. Law Gazette [BGBl.], Part I p. 931) 8
Section 18
Assessment of the Allowance and
Date of Payment
(1) The allowance shall be assessed on a monthly
basis. A month shall be deemed to have thirty days
for the purpose of calculating the allowance due for
individual days.
(2) The allowance due for the current calendar
month shall be paid by the last working day of that
month at the latest.
Section 19
Continued Payment of the Allowance
(1) Trainees shall also be paid the allowance
1. for time off granted under section 15;
2. for up to a maximum of six weeks if they
a) are available for initial training but training is not provided; or
b) are prevented for any other personal
reason beyond their control from discharging their obligations under the initial training contract.
(2) If trainees are prevented for a valid reason from
availing themselves of benefits in kind during the
time their allowance continues to be paid, they
shall be granted compensation in lieu thereof in
accordance with the value determined for such
benefits under section 17 subsection (2).
Subdivision 5
Beginning and End of the
Initial Training Relationship
Section 20
Probationary Period
The initial training relationship shall begin with a
probationary period. This period must last for at
least one month but may not last longer than four
months.
Section 21
End
(1) The initial training relationship shall end on the
expiry of the period of initial training. In the case of
training by stages, it shall end on the expiry of the
last stage.
(2) If trainees pass their final examination before
the expiry of their period of initial training, the initial
training relationship shall end upon the announcement of the results by the board of examiners.
(3) If trainees fail to pass their final examination,
the initial training relationship shall, if they so request, be extended until the next occasion on
which they can repeat the examination, up to a
maximum of one year.
Section 22
Termination
(1) The initial training relationship may be terminated without notice at any time during the probationary period.
(2) After the expiry of the probationary period, the
initial training relationship may only be terminated
1. for a valid reason without notice;
2. by trainees on four weeks’ notice if they
wish to cease initial training or undergo initial training for another form of occupational
activity.
(3) Notice of termination must be given in writing; in
cases covered by subsection (2) it must also state
the reasons for termination.
(4) If the initial training relationship is terminated for
a valid reason, the termination shall be null and
void if the circumstances upon which it is based
have been known for more than two weeks to the
party entitled to terminate. In cases where conciliation proceedings are instituted before an extrajudicial body, this time limit shall cease to run until
such proceedings are concluded.
Section 23
Compensation for Damages in the
Event of Premature Termination
(1) If the initial training relationship is prematurely
terminated after the expiry of the probationary
period, training employers or trainees shall be
entitled to seek compensation for damages if the
other party is responsible for the cause of termination. The foregoing shall not apply in cases covered
by section 22 subsection (2), number 2.
(2) Such entitlement shall lapse if it is not asserted
within three months after termination of the initial
training relationship.
Subdivision 6
Miscellaneous Provisions
Section 24
Subsequent Employment
If trainees continue to work for their training employer immediately after their initial training relationship has ended, without any express agreement on the subject having been reached, an employment relationship shall be deemed to have
been established for an indefinite period.
Section 25
Mandatory Applicability
Any agreement departing from the provisions of
this part of this Act to the detriment of trainees shall
be null and void. 
Vocational Training Act (Berufsbildungsgesetz) of 23 March 2005 (Fed. Law Gazette [BGBl.], Part I p. 931) 9
Section 26
Other Contractual Relationships
Insofar as no employment relationship has been
agreed, persons who are engaged to acquire vocational skills, knowledge and qualifications or occupational experience without undergoing initial training within the meaning of this Act shall be covered
by sections 10 to 23 and section 25, subject to the
proviso that the statutory probationary period may
be shortened, the contract need not be set out in
writing and, notwithstanding section 23 subsection
(1), first sentence, no compensation for damages
may be claimed if the contractual relationship is
prematurely terminated after the expiry of the probationary period.
Division 3
Suitability of
Training Premises and Training Staff
Section 27
Suitability of Training Premises
(1) Trainees may only be engaged and given initial
training if
1. the nature and equipment of the training
premises are suitable for initial training; and
2. the ratio between the number of trainees
and the number of training places or the
number of skilled staff employed is appropriate (unless such other ratio is not detrimental to initial training).
(2) Training premises where the necessary vocational skills, knowledge and qualifications cannot
be imparted in their entirety shall be deemed to be
suitable if these can be imparted through initial
training measures taking place outside the training
premises.
(3) The nature and equipment of training premises
shall only be deemed to be suitable for initial training in occupations in the field of agriculture, including domestic service in agriculture, if the training
premises have been recognized as such by the
authority competent under Land law. The Federal
Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture, acting in agreement with the Federal Ministry
of Education and Research and after consulting the
Board of the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training, may by ordinance which shall not
require the consent of the Bundesrat lay down
minimum standards for the size, equipment and
standard of management of training premises.
(4) The nature and equipment of training premises
shall only be deemed to be suitable for initial training in occupations in domestic service if the training
premises have been recognized as such by the
authority competent under Land law. The Federal
Ministry of Economics and Labour, acting in
agreement with the Federal Ministry of Education
and Research and after consulting the Board of the
Federal Institute for Vocational Education and
Training, may by ordinance which shall not require
the consent of the Bundesrat lay down minimum
standards for the size, equipment and standard of
management of training premises.
Section 28
Suitability of Training Employers and
Instructors
(1) Trainees may only be engaged by training
employers who have the necessary personal qualifications. Trainees may only be trained by persons
who have the necessary personal and technical
qualifications.
(2) Training employers who do not have the necessary technical qualifications or do not provide the
initial training themselves may only engage trainees if they appoint instructors with the necessary
personal and technical qualifications to directly
impart the essential initial training content in a
responsible manner on the training premises.
(3) Under the responsibility of the instructor, persons may also participate in the provision of initial
training who are not themselves instructors but,
notwithstanding the special prerequisites set out in
section 30, possess the vocational skills, knowledge and qualifications as well as the personal
qualifications necessary to impart subject matter
covered by initial training.
Section 29
Personal Qualifications
Persons shall in particular be deemed to not have
the necessary personal qualifications if they
1. are not allowed to employ children and
young persons or
2. have been guilty of repeated or serious contraventions of this Act or of the provisions
and regulations issued on the basis of this
Act.
Section 30
Technical Qualifications
(1) Persons shall be deemed to have the necessary technical qualifications if they possess the
vocational and skills, knowledge and qualifications
as well as the teaching skills, knowledge and qualifications required to give initial training in the occupation and processes concerned.
(2) Persons shall be deemed to possess the necessary vocational skills, knowledge and qualifications if they
1. have passed the final examination in a
technical field corresponding to the training
occupation;
2. have passed a recognized examination at a
training facility or before an examination authority or a final examination at a state or 
Vocational Training Act (Berufsbildungsgesetz) of 23 March 2005 (Fed. Law Gazette [BGBl.], Part I p. 931) 10
state-accredited school in a technical field
corresponding to the training occupation; or
3. have passed a final examination at a German higher education institution in a technical field corresponding to the training occupation
and have been employed in a practical capacity for
an appropriate period in their own occupation.
(3) In cases covered by subsection (2), number 2,
the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour or
such other ministry as may be competent, acting in
agreement with the Federal Ministry of Education
and Research and after consulting the Board of the
Federal Institute for Vo